"Critical appraisal is the process of assessing and interpreting evidence, by systematically considering its validity, results and relevance to your own context."
Source: Critical Appraisals Skills Programme (CASP) glossary https://casp-uk.net/glossary/critical-appraisal/
There are a number of critical appraisal checklists that have been developed by different organizations to help readers appraise the quality of an article.